Market structures (OCR A-Level Economics): Flashcards

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Perfect competition
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Perfect competition characteristics

Many firms, identical products, free entry/exit, perfect knowledge

Short run perfect competition outcome

Supernormal profits or losses possible

Long run perfect competition outcome

Normal profits only

Normal profit definition

Minimum profit to keep firm in business; TR=TCTR = TC

Price taker meaning

Firm accepts market price, cannot influence it

Homogeneous products

All firms sell identical products

Barriers in perfect competition

None - free entry and exit

Profit maximization rule

Produce where MC=MRMC = MR

Supernormal profit condition (short run)

P>ATCP > ATC

Loss condition (short run)

P<ATCP < ATC

Long run equilibrium condition

P=ATCP = ATC (normal profit)

Allocative efficiency condition

P=MCP = MC

Productive efficiency

Production at minimum ACAC

Firm's demand curve in perfect competition

Perfectly elastic (horizontal)

Effect of supernormal profits

New firms enter, supply increases, price falls

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