River valley changes (Edexcel GCSE Geography A): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
River long profile
River long profile
Shows elevation changes from source to mouth
River long profile shape
River long profile shape
Curved - steep at source, gentle at mouth
Upper course gradient
Upper course gradient
Steep gradient
Upper course valley shape
Upper course valley shape
V-shaped with steep sides
Upper course erosion type
Upper course erosion type
Vertical/downward erosion
Upper course: river plunges over resistant rock
Upper course: river plunges over resistant rock
Waterfalls
Upper course: river winds around protruding ridges
Upper course: river winds around protruding ridges
Interlocking spurs
Upper course sediment type
Upper course sediment type
Angular boulders
Dominant erosion in middle course
Dominant erosion in middle course
Lateral erosion (sideways)
Discharge in middle course
Discharge in middle course
Increases significantly
Discharge in lower course
Discharge in lower course
Reaches maximum
Lower course: natural embankments from flooding
Lower course: natural embankments from flooding
Levées
Lower course: curved lakes from cut-off meanders
Lower course: curved lakes from cut-off meanders
Ox-bow lakes
Lower course sediment type
Lower course sediment type
Smooth, rounded pebbles
Why lower course has flat valleys
Why lower course has flat valleys
Lateral erosion widens valley sideways