Upper course landscape (Edexcel GCSE Geography A): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
13 cards from this deck
Gradient of upper course
Gradient of upper course
Steep
Main type of erosion in upper course
Main type of erosion in upper course
Vertical erosion
Why interlocking spurs form
Why interlocking spurs form
River has limited energy to erode through obstacles
Appearance pattern of interlocking spurs
Appearance pattern of interlocking spurs
Zigzag pattern when viewed up/downstream
Rock arrangement causing waterfalls
Rock arrangement causing waterfalls
Hard resistant rock above softer rock
What is differential erosion
What is differential erosion
Softer rocks erode faster than harder rocks
Undercutting in waterfall formation
Undercutting in waterfall formation
Soft rock eroded, leaving hard rock unsupported above
Where plunge pools form
Where plunge pools form
At base of waterfall
Result of waterfall retreating upstream
Result of waterfall retreating upstream
Creates a steep-sided gorge
How gorges form
How gorges form
By waterfall retreat over extended periods
What is hydraulic action
What is hydraulic action
Water forced into cracks, widening them until pieces break away
What is abrasion
What is abrasion
Rocks & sediment scrape riverbed/banks, wearing them away
Where river cliffs develop
Where river cliffs develop
On outer bends where water flows faster