Upper course landscape (Edexcel GCSE Geography A): Quizzes

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Upper course landscape
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What type of erosion is predominant in the upper course of a river?

Vertical erosion

Which characteristic describes the gradient in the upper course of a river?

Steep

Why do interlocking spurs form in the upper course?

River has limited energy to erode

How do interlocking spurs appear when viewed from downstream?

Spurs appear to interlock

What rock arrangement is required for waterfall formation?

Hard rock above soft rock

What is differential erosion in waterfall formation?

Softer rocks erode faster than harder

What happens after undercutting creates an overhang at a waterfall?

Overhang collapses under own weight

Where does a plunge pool form at a waterfall?

At the base

How do gorges form in the upper course?

From waterfall retreat over time

Where do river cliffs develop in the upper course?

On outer bends of meanders

What is hydraulic action?

Water forced into cracks breaks rocks

What is abrasion in river erosion?

Rocks scraping riverbed like sandpaper

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