Weather and climate challenges (Edexcel GCSE Geography A): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Discharge
Discharge
Amount of water flowing through a river
Effect of higher discharge on erosion
Effect of higher discharge on erosion
Increases erosive power significantly
How erosive power increases with discharge
How erosive power increases with discharge
Exponentially, not proportionally
Rivers in wetter climates
Rivers in wetter climates
Carry more water, erode more material continuously
What determines sediment transport capacity
What determines sediment transport capacity
Energy available in flowing water
Effect of dry periods on sediment
Effect of dry periods on sediment
Rivers deposit sediment due to reduced flow
Freeze-thaw weathering
Freeze-thaw weathering
Water freezes in cracks, expands, splits rock apart
Water expansion when freezing (%)
Water expansion when freezing (%)
Approximately 9%
Recent UK weather trend
Recent UK weather trend
More frequent heavy, intense rainfall
Extended dry periods effect on soil
Extended dry periods effect on soil
Soil bakes hard, loses ability to absorb water
Surface runoff
Surface runoff
Water runs rapidly across surface, not infiltrating
Frozen/waterlogged soil effect
Frozen/waterlogged soil effect
Becomes impermeable, water cannot infiltrate
Snowmelt effect on rivers
Snowmelt effect on rivers
Contributes large volumes of water very quickly
Natural levees
Natural levees
Raised banks running parallel to river channel
Upland weather & downstream flooding
Upland weather & downstream flooding
Storms in uplands cause flooding hours/days later downstream