Genetics and Epigenetics (Leaving Cert Biology): Flashcards
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Genetics
Genetics
Study of heredity & how traits pass from parents to offspring
Epigenetics
Epigenetics
Study of how behaviour/environment affect how genes work
Key difference: genetics vs epigenetics
Key difference: genetics vs epigenetics
Genetics = permanent DNA changes; epigenetics = reversible
Genome
Genome
Complete set of all genetic material in an organism
Gene
Gene
Specific section of DNA with instructions for making a protein
Methylation in epigenetics
Methylation in epigenetics
group attaches to DNA & prevents gene from working
Histone modification
Histone modification
DNA wrapped too tightly around histones, turning gene off
Reversibility of epigenetic changes
Reversibility of epigenetic changes
Epigenetic changes are reversible, unlike genetic changes
Species definition
Species definition
Similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Chromosomes in human body cells
Chromosomes in human body cells
46 chromosomes
Chromosomes in human gametes (sperm/egg)
Chromosomes in human gametes (sperm/egg)
23 chromosomes
Dutch Hunger Winter (1944/45) showed
Dutch Hunger Winter (1944/45) showed
Epigenetic changes can pass to children & grandchildren
Himalayan rabbit fur pattern shows
Himalayan rabbit fur pattern shows
White fur on warm body, darker fur on cool extremities
Smoking & epigenetics
Smoking & epigenetics
Removes methyl groups, may cause cancer; reversible if stop
Nuclear DNA inheritance
Nuclear DNA inheritance
Inherited equally from both parents (half from each)