Literary Techniques (Leaving Cert Classical Studies): Flashcards

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Literary Techniques
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Unity of place in Prometheus Bound

All events occur at the rock where Prometheus is bound

Static staging technique

Prometheus remains chained; tension from dialogue not action

Fire symbolism in the play

Knowledge, progress, and civilisation

Chains and bonds symbolism

Oppression & punishment, but also endurance & free spirit

Io's gadfly symbolism

Divine cruelty and torment of innocence

Divine irony in the play

Zeus depends on Prometheus's secret knowledge of his downfall

How does the drama unfold?

Through extended speeches rather than action

Chorus of Oceanids function

Express pity & compassion; guide audience emotional response

Kratos and Bia represent

Power and Force; Zeus's brute authority

Hephaestus's conflict

Torn between pity for Prometheus and obedience to Zeus

Hermes symbolises

Arrogant messenger; oppressive enforcement of Zeus's rule

Effect of Prometheus's prophetic knowledge

Creates dramatic suspense about Zeus's future downfall

What is deus ex machina in reverse?

Zeus's power as threat of punishment not rescue

Physical vs intellectual power irony

Prometheus physically helpless but wields knowledge & moral power

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