Effects of Mutations (HSC SSCE Biology): Flashcards
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What is a mutation?
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
Are somatic mutations inherited?
Are somatic mutations inherited?
No, only affect body cells, not passed to offspring
Are germline mutations inherited?
Are germline mutations inherited?
Yes, affect every cell in offspring
Where do somatic mutations occur?
Where do somatic mutations occur?
In regular body cells (non-reproductive cells)
% of human genome coding for proteins
% of human genome coding for proteins
Only 2%
3 regulatory sequences in non-coding DNA
3 regulatory sequences in non-coding DNA
Promoters, silencers, and enhancers
XP mutation affects which gene type?
XP mutation affects which gene type?
DNA repair genes
What is non-disjunction?
What is non-disjunction?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during division
Chromosomal cause of Down syndrome
Chromosomal cause of Down syndrome
Extra copy of chromosome 21 (three instead of two)
3 sources of genetic variation
3 sources of genetic variation
Mutation, meiosis, and fertilisation