Algebra and Series (AQA A-Level Further Maths): Flashcards

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Roots of Polynomials
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Vieta's formulas

Relationships between polynomial coefficients and roots

Sum of roots for ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0

α+β=ba\alpha + \beta = -\frac{b}{a}

Product of roots for ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0

αβ=ca\alpha\beta = \frac{c}{a}

Sum of roots for ax3+bx2+cx+d=0ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d = 0

α+β+γ=ba\alpha + \beta + \gamma = -\frac{b}{a}

Product of roots for cubic ax3+bx2+cx+d=0ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d = 0

αβγ=da\alpha\beta\gamma = -\frac{d}{a}

αβ+αγ+βγ\alpha\beta + \alpha\gamma + \beta\gamma for cubic

ca\frac{c}{a}

α2+β2\alpha^2 + \beta^2 in terms of sum and product

(α+β)22αβ(\alpha + \beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta

Substitution for linear transform y=mx+cy = mx + c

x=ycmx = \frac{y - c}{m}

Substitution for reciprocal transform y=1xy = \frac{1}{x}

x=1yx = \frac{1}{y}

Sign pattern in Vieta's formulas

Alternating: negative, positive, negative, ...

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