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10 questions from this quiz
To determine if differences are real or chance
Actual measurements collected in fieldwork
Any pattern is not significant & due to chance
χ² = Σ(O-E)²/E
n - 1 (where n = number of categories)
5% probability the pattern occurred by chance
If calculated χ² ≥ critical value
5
10
Reject null hypothesis at 95% confidence
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