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15 cards from this deck
Systematic errors and random errors
Error consistently affecting measurements in same direction (always higher or always lower than true value)
Predictable and consistent
Reading scale from wrong angle, not perpendicular to it
Uncalibrated instrument (balance not zeroed)
Systematic error (consistently lower results)
Calibrate instruments, correct technique, proper viewing angle
Unpredictable variation when repeating measurements
Around the true value
Take multiple measurements and calculate average
How close measured value is to true value
How close repeated measurements are to each other
errortrue value×100%\frac{\text{error}}{\text{true value}} \times 100\%true valueerror×100%
estimated errormeasured value×100%\frac{\text{estimated error}}{\text{measured value}} \times 100\%measured valueestimated error×100%
Half the smallest division of measuring instrument
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