Dehydration and Substitution with Hydrogen Halides (HSC SSCE Chemistry): Quizzes

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Dehydration and Substitution with Hydrogen Halides
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What type of compound is formed when alcohols undergo dehydration?

Alkenes

Which acids are used to dehydrate alcohols?

Conc. H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 or H3PO4\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4

What catalyst is used for dehydrating ethanol industrially?

Heated Al2O3\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3

What is replaced in substitution reactions of alcohols with HX\text{HX}?

The -OH\text{-OH} group by a halogen

What is the general equation for alcohol substitution with hydrogen halides?

R-OH+H-XR-X+H2O\text{R-OH}+\text{H-X}\rightarrow\text{R-X}+\text{H}_2\text{O}

How is a tertiary alcohol defined?

-OH\text{-OH} carbon bonded to 3 other carbons

How is a primary alcohol defined?

-OH\text{-OH} carbon bonded to 1 other carbon

What is the reactivity order of alcohols with hydrogen halides?

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

What is the reactivity order of hydrogen halides with alcohols?

HI>HBr>HCl>HF\text{HI}>\text{HBr}>\text{HCl}>\text{HF}

Which hydrogen halide is most reactive with alcohols?

HI\text{HI}

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