General Normal Distributions (HSC SSCE Mathematics Advanced): Flashcards

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General normal distributions
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Standard normal distribution: mean & std dev values

μ=0\mu = 0 and σ=1\sigma = 1

Inflection points location for N(μ,σ)N(\mu, \sigma)

x=μσx = \mu - \sigma and x=μ+σx = \mu + \sigma

Z-score meaning

How many standard deviations a value is from the mean

Formula: raw score xx to z-score

z=xμσz = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}

Formula: z-score to raw score xx

x=μ+σzx = \mu + \sigma z

Empirical rule: % within 1 std dev (μ±σ\mu \pm \sigma)

Approximately 68%

Empirical rule: % within 2 std devs (μ±2σ\mu \pm 2\sigma)

Approximately 95%

Empirical rule: % within 3 std devs (μ±3σ\mu \pm 3\sigma)

Approximately 99.7%

First quartile Q1Q_1 for normal distribution

Q1=μ0.67σQ_1 = \mu - 0.67\sigma

IQR formula for normal distribution

IQR=1.35σ\text{IQR} = 1.35\sigma

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