Meiosis & Genetic Variation (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards

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Meiosis & Genetic Variation
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Gametes

Sex cells produced by meiosis

Gene

DNA section coding for a specific polypeptide chain

Locus

Specific position of a gene on a chromosome

Allele

Alternative version or form of the same gene

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosome pairs (one maternal, one paternal) carrying genes for same characteristics

Number of gametes produced by meiosis

Four genetically unique gametes

Independent segregation

Random orientation and separation of homologous pairs during meiosis I

Crossing over

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromatids

Formula for gamete combinations (n = chromosome pairs)

2n2^n

Formula for offspring combinations (n = chromosome pairs)

(2n)2(2^n)^2

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