Structure of the Human Gas Exchange System (AQA A-Level Biology): Flashcards
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Why mammals need specialised gas exchange systems
Why mammals need specialised gas exchange systems
Large size & high metabolic rates require efficient O₂/CO₂ exchange
Specialised gas exchange surfaces in mammals
Specialised gas exchange surfaces in mammals
Lungs
Air pathway through respiratory system (in order)
Air pathway through respiratory system (in order)
Nasal cavity→Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→Alveoli
Function of nasal cavity
Function of nasal cavity
Warms, filters, and moistens air
Structure preventing trachea collapse during inhalation
Structure preventing trachea collapse during inhalation
C-shaped cartilage rings
Role of cilia and goblet cells in airways
Role of cilia and goblet cells in airways
Cilia sweep mucus up; goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust/pathogens
Function of muscle in bronchiole walls
Function of muscle in bronchiole walls
Constrict & dilate to control airflow
Diameter range of alveoli
Diameter range of alveoli
Where gas exchange actually occurs in lungs
Where gas exchange actually occurs in lungs
Alveolar membrane
Why lungs are positioned internally
Why lungs are positioned internally
Prevent water loss & air can't support delicate structures