Optical Isomerism (A-level only) (AQA A-Level Chemistry): Flashcards
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Racemic mixture definition
Racemic mixture definition
Equal amounts (50:50) of both enantiomers
Optical activity of racemic mixture
Optical activity of racemic mixture
Optically inactive
Why racemic mixtures optically inactive
Why racemic mixtures optically inactive
Enantiomers' optical activities cancel each other out
Optical rotation example in racemate
Optical rotation example in racemate
One: , other: , net result:
Nucleophilic addition forms racemic mixture with
Nucleophilic addition forms racemic mixture with
Ketones or aldehydes
Why carbonyl group forms racemic mixture
Why carbonyl group forms racemic mixture
It's planar; nucleophile attacks from top or bottom
Reactions with carbocation intermediate form
Reactions with carbocation intermediate form
Racemic mixture
Why 50:50 enantiomer ratio in racemic mixture
Why 50:50 enantiomer ratio in racemic mixture
Equal probability of nucleophile attack from either side
How to distinguish optical isomers
How to distinguish optical isomers
Through their optical activity
Pharmaceutical racemate issue
Pharmaceutical racemate issue
May reduce efficacy or cause unwanted side effects