Polar Graphs and Areas (AQA A-Level Further Maths): Flashcards

Distance from the origin (the pole)

Angle measured anticlockwise from positive x-axis

$r = a(1 + \cos\theta)$ or $r = a(1 + \sin\theta)$

$2a$

$0$

$n$ loops

$A = \frac{1}{2}\int_a^b r^2 d\theta$

Radians

$\frac{1 - \cos(2x)}{2}$

$\frac{1 + \cos(2x)}{2}$