Nucleophilic Addition (AQA A-Level Chemistry): Flashcards

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Nucleophilic Addition
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Product when aldehyde reduced by NaBH4NaBH_4

Primary alcohol

Product when ketone reduced by NaBH4NaBH_4

Secondary alcohol

Product from aldehyde/ketone + KCNKCN then acid

Hydroxynitrile

Why hydroxynitrile reaction useful in synthesis

Extends carbon chain

Nucleophile in NaBH4NaBH_4 reduction

H−H^- (hydride ion)

Nucleophile in KCNKCN reaction

CN−CN^- (cyanide ion)

Why racemic mixture forms in hydroxynitrile reaction

Equal attack from above/below planar carbonyl

Optical activity of racemic mixture

Optically inactive (no net rotation)

Why is KCNKCN highly toxic

Inhibits cellular respiration in cytochrome enzymes

Charge on C and O in carbonyl group

C is delta+delta+, O is delta−delta-

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