Hard Engineering (AQA A-Level Geography): Quizzes

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Hard engineering
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Which materials are used in hard engineering to protect the coast?

Concrete, boulders, wood & metal

How does hard engineering differ from soft engineering?

Hard works against nature

What is the main purpose of a sea wall's recurved (curved) top?

Redirects waves back towards the sea

How does rock armour (rip-rap) reduce wave energy?

Gaps between rocks absorb & dissipate it

What are gabions made from?

Rocks in steel wire mesh cages

At what angle are groynes typically built from perpendicular to the coast?

5 to 10 degrees

What problem can groynes cause downdrift along the coast?

Starve areas of sediment

What is the main function of barrages?

Prevent flooding in estuaries

How can offshore reefs break wave energy before it reaches shore?

Sunken ships parallel to shoreline

Approximately how much can sea walls cost per metre to construct?

Over £7,000

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