Chemical Reactions of Alkanes (OCR A-Level Chemistry A): Flashcards

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Chemical Reactions of Alkanes
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Why alkanes are unreactive

Strong, non-polar C—C and C—H bonds

Complete alkane combustion products

CO2\text{CO}_2 and H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}

Incomplete alkane combustion products

CO (toxic) or C (soot)

Condition for alkane halogenation

UV light (or sunlight)

Halogens used for alkane substitution

Cl2\text{Cl}_2 and Br2\text{Br}_2 only

Definition of a radical

Species with an unpaired electron

Three stages of radical substitution

Initiation, propagation, termination

Homolytic fission

Bond breaks; each atom takes one electron

Key feature of propagation steps

One radical on each side (chain reaction)

Radical substitution synthesis limitation

Forms mixture of products (further substitution)

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