Chromatography and Spectroscopy (OCR A-Level Chemistry A): Flashcards

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Interpreting NMR Spectra
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n+1 rule formula for NMR splitting

No. of peaks = n+1n + 1 (where nn = adjacent H atoms)

Symbol & units for chemical shift in NMR

δ\delta, measured in ppm

What integration values show in proton NMR

Relative numbers of protons in each environment

Splitting pattern when n=0n = 0 (no adjacent H)

Singlet (1 peak)

Splitting pattern when n=1n = 1 (1 adjacent H)

Doublet (2 peaks)

Splitting pattern when n=2n = 2 (2 adjacent H)

Triplet (3 peaks)

Splitting pattern when n=3n = 3 (3 adjacent H)

Quartet (4 peaks)

Group indicated by triplet-quartet combination

Ethyl group (CH3CH2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2)

Chemical shift range for H-C-O\text{H-C-O} protons (ppm)

δ=3.0-4.5\delta = 3.0\text{-}4.5 ppm

Chemical shift range for COOH\text{COOH} protons (ppm)

δ=10.0-12.0\delta = 10.0\text{-}12.0 ppm

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