Causal relationships (AQA GCSE Statistics): Flashcards
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What defines a causal relationship between two variables?
What defines a causal relationship between two variables?
One variable directly causes a change in the other.
What is a true causal relationship example?
What is a true causal relationship example?
Increased study time improves exam scores.
What does correlation indicate about two variables?
What does correlation indicate about two variables?
There may be a relationship, but not causation.
What is a common mistake regarding correlation?
What is a common mistake regarding correlation?
Assuming correlation means causation is incorrect.
Identify a third variable in umbrella sales and accidents.
Identify a third variable in umbrella sales and accidents.
Weather conditions, especially rain, affect both.
What should you ask when seeing a correlation?
What should you ask when seeing a correlation?
What third factor could be causing both to change?
Explain why sunglasses and ice-cream sales correlate.
Explain why sunglasses and ice-cream sales correlate.
Both are affected by temperature, not each other.
What correlation exists between rain and umbrella sales?
What correlation exists between rain and umbrella sales?
More rain increases umbrella sales, not accidents.
How to show no causation in statistical analysis?
How to show no causation in statistical analysis?
Indicate correlation without causation; list other factors.
What is a key principle to remember in statistics?
What is a key principle to remember in statistics?
Correlation does NOT imply causation.