Urban Change (AQA A-Level Geography): Flashcards
📚Flashcards
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Practise the cards
10 cards from this deck
De-industrialisation
De-industrialisation
Decline in manufacturing employment in UK cities (late 20th C)
3 main causes of de-industrialisation
3 main causes of de-industrialisation
Mechanisation, foreign competition, reduced demand
Service economy
Service economy
Tertiary & quaternary sectors combined
Tertiary activities
Tertiary activities
Services to people/businesses (retail, banking, healthcare)
Quaternary activities
Quaternary activities
Knowledge-based services (software, R&D, consultancy)
Urban resurgence timing
Urban resurgence timing
1990s onwards
De-multiplier effect
De-multiplier effect
Downward spiral where one factory closure triggers more
UK manufacturing employment 1980 to 2010
UK manufacturing employment 1980 to 2010
Fell from 6.4 million to 2.8 million
Dead heart syndrome
Dead heart syndrome
Urban core decay as people/businesses moved to suburbs
NYC High Line annual visitors
NYC High Line annual visitors
5 million