Sustainability Issues (AQA A-Level Geography): Flashcards

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Sustainability issues
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3 stages of energy environmental impacts

Exploitation/production, transportation/trade, consumption

Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)

Extracting oil/gas from shale rock formations

Acid rain definition

Precipitation made acidic by air pollutants

Main pollutants forming acid rain

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxide (NOₓ)

Device reducing NOₓ emissions in cars

Catalytic converters

Enhanced greenhouse effect cause

Increased greenhouse gases trap more heat in atmosphere

CO₂ levels vs pre-Industrial Revolution

40% higher

Predicted global temp rise next century

1-2°C on average

Nuclear waste radioactivity duration

Thousands of years (very long half-life)

GDF burial depth for high-level nuclear waste

200-1,000m deep in geologically stable rock

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