Absorption of X-rays (AQA A-Level Physics): Flashcards

Reduction in intensity by absorption and scattering as X-rays pass through material

Thickness, density, proton number, X-ray photon energy

$I = I_0 e^{-\mu x}$

Initial intensity of X-ray beam

Rate of energy loss per unit thickness; depends on density

$\mu_m = \frac{\mu}{\rho}$

Material's composition only, not density

Thickness where X-ray intensity reduces to half

$x_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{\mu}$

Denser bone attenuates more, creating contrast