Sub-cellular structures (Edexcel GCSE Biology): Revision Notes
📚 Revision Notes
Sub-cellular structures
| Structure | |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Contains genetic material that controls the activites of the cell which is arranged in chromosomes |
| Cytoplasm | gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place, contains enzymes to control these reactions |
| Cell membrane | Holds cell together and controls things going in and out. |
| Mitochondria | Where most respiration reaction take place. Transfer energy for the cell to work |
| Ribosomes | Involved in translation of genetic material in proteins |
| Cell wall | Rigid and made of cellulose to support/strengthen cell |
| Vacuole | Large, contains cell sap (weak solution of sugars/salts), maintains internal pressure |
| Chloroplasts | Site for photosynthesis. Contains green substance called chlorophyll. |
| Chromosomal DNA | Controls cell activity & replication |
| Plasmid DNA | Small loops, contains genes for drug resistance, can be passed between bacteria |
| Fragellum | Long hair structure, rotates to make bacteria move. Moves away from toxins and moves towards nutrients & O2 |