Mutations (Edexcel GCSE Biology): Flashcards
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Definition of mutation
Definition of mutation
A change in a gene or chromosome
Characteristics of mutations
Characteristics of mutations
Random and continuous
Define natural selection
Define natural selection
Organisms better adapted to their environment survive & reproduce more
Survival of the fittest meaning
Survival of the fittest meaning
Best adapted organisms survive & reproduce
Ionising radiation examples
Ionising radiation examples
Gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays
Chemical mutagen example
Chemical mutagen example
Tar from cigarette smoke
Substitution mutation
Substitution mutation
Base swapped for another in DNA
Insertion mutation
Insertion mutation
Extra base added to DNA sequence
Deletion mutation
Deletion mutation
Base removed from DNA sequence
Inversion mutation
Inversion mutation
Section of DNA reversed
Cause of cancer
Cause of cancer
Uncontrolled cell division from mutations
Define metastasis
Define metastasis
Cancer spreading to other body parts
Silent mutation
Silent mutation
Base change still codes for same amino acid
Why do amino acid changes alter proteins?
Why do amino acid changes alter proteins?
Changes protein shape or bond locations
Benefit of positive mutation
Benefit of positive mutation
Enhances survival, passed on via natural selection