Fighting disease (Edexcel GCSE Biology): Flashcards
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Practise the cards
15 cards from this deck
Role of non-specific defence system
Role of non-specific defence system
Prevents pathogens entering the body
What skin produces to kill pathogens
What skin produces to kill pathogens
Antimicrobial secretions
What is skin flora?
What is skin flora?
Good microorganisms that compete with bad ones for space/nutrients
Function of cilia in airways
Function of cilia in airways
Beat to waft mucus upwards so it can be swallowed
Acid produced by stomach to kill pathogens
Acid produced by stomach to kill pathogens
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Role of specific immune system
Role of specific immune system
Destroys pathogens that pass through non-specific system
What is phagocytosis?
What is phagocytosis?
Engulfing and consuming pathogens
How antibodies help fight pathogens
How antibodies help fight pathogens
Bind to antigens, causing pathogens to clump together, making them easier for white blood cells to find
What are antigens?
What are antigens?
Structures on pathogen surface that antibodies bind to
Why are you immune after infection?
Why are you immune after infection?
Antibodies produced faster on reinfection, no symptoms
What is lysozyme?
What is lysozyme?
Enzyme that destroys microorganisms
Who discovered lysozyme and when?
Who discovered lysozyme and when?
Alexander Fleming in 1921
Where is lysozyme secreted?
Where is lysozyme secreted?
Tears, saliva, and mucus
What does lysozyme break down?
What does lysozyme break down?
Cell wall of some types of bacteria
How does sweat protect against pathogens?
How does sweat protect against pathogens?
Contains acid that destroys pathogens