Immunisation (Edexcel GCSE Biology): Flashcards
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Definition of immunisation
Definition of immunisation
Introducing small, safe amount of pathogen to stimulate immune response without causing illness
Vaccines are made from
Vaccines are made from
Inactive/dead pathogen or their antigens
Type of white blood cell in immune response
Type of white blood cell in immune response
Lymphocytes
What lymphocytes produce to fight pathogens
What lymphocytes produce to fight pathogens
Antibodies
Role of memory lymphocytes
Role of memory lymphocytes
Remember pathogen & produce antibodies quickly in future
What antigens from inactive pathogen do
What antigens from inactive pathogen do
Stimulate body's specific immune system
Why inactive pathogens trigger immune response
Why inactive pathogens trigger immune response
Still contain antigens immune system can recognise
Result of immune response from vaccine
Result of immune response from vaccine
Immunity without getting sick from disease
Definition of herd immunity
Definition of herd immunity
High % vaccinated reduces spread, protects vulnerable
Disease virtually wiped out by immunisation
Disease virtually wiped out by immunisation
Smallpox
Cost benefit of immunisation
Cost benefit of immunisation
Cheaper than treating diseases in long run
Disadvantage: vaccine side effects
Disadvantage: vaccine side effects
Sore arm, fever, fatigue (serious ones rare)
Vaccine effectiveness rate
Vaccine effectiveness rate
Not always 100% effective
Rare disadvantage of vaccines
Rare disadvantage of vaccines
Allergic reactions
Why rashes may form after vaccination
Why rashes may form after vaccination
Shows antibodies reacting with antigen in body/skin