Correlation and Causality (VCE SSCE General Mathematics): Quizzes

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Correlation and Causality
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What does causation mean?

Changes in one variable directly cause another

What does a correlation coefficient measure?

Strength & direction of linear association

The IKEA stores & Nobel laureates correlation is r=0.82r = 0.82. What does this indicate?

Very strong positive association

What is random allocation in experiments?

Assigning participants to groups randomly

What is a common response?

Both variables caused by a third variable

In the sunscreen & fainting example, what is the common cause?

Temperature

What does confounding mean?

Multiple possible causes can't be separated

The margarine & divorce correlation (r=0.99r = 0.99) is best explained as:

Coincidence

Can observational studies prove causation?

No, alternative explanations always exist

Why doesn't correlation prove causation?

Correlation reveals nothing about cause

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