Abiotic factors Non-living environmental conditions
Distribution (ecology) Where organisms are found in an ecosystem
Abundance (ecology) Number of organisms in a specific area
Quadrats Square frames used to sample small areas systematically
Random sampling purpose Ensures unbiased results by preventing conscious bias
Line transects Rope/tape across habitat recording organisms at intervals
Belt transects Line transects combined with quadrats at regular intervals
Capture-recapture method use Estimates population sizes of mobile animals
Population estimate formula rac{ ext{1st marked} imes ext{2nd catch}}{ ext{marked in 2nd}}
Aspect (abiotic factor) Direction a habitat faces, influencing sunlight exposure
Soil pH influences Nutrient availability and plant species composition
Light intensity affects Photosynthesis and plant growth patterns
Temperature affects Metabolic rates and species survival
Frequency calculation rac{ ext{Quadrats with species}}{ ext{Total quadrats}} imes 100
Quadrats best used for Plants and slow-moving animals (woodlice, snails)