Dynamic equilibrium (Edexcel GCSE Chemistry): Revision Notes

The production of ammonia in the Haber Process is governed by dynamic equilibrium, where the forwards and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

The equilibrium established in the reactor can be represented by the following equation:

This reaction is:

• Exothermic in the forwards direction, meaning it releases heat.
• Produces 2 moles of gas on the right side (ammonia) versus 4 moles of gas on the left side (nitrogen and hydrogen).

According to Le Chatelier's Principle, an equilibrium will adjust to oppose any changes in conditions. This principle can be used to optimise the production of ammonia by manipulating temperature and pressure.